Architectural Cases

In 2025, global climate challenges, marked by escalating heatwaves, water scarcity, widespread flooding, and significant ecological losses, have created an urgent need for effective responses. Traditional governmental and international efforts have struggled to keep pace with these realities, leading to a heightened reliance on innovative solutions from diverse disciplines. Architecture has stepped forward, mediating between ecological imperatives, cultural values, and technological advancements to translate environmental constraints into resilient spatial, material, and social designs. This past year has seen a notable pivot from focusing solely on climate change mitigation to embracing strategies of climate adaptation and performance-driven innovation. Buildings and their surrounding landscapes are now envisioned as dynamic systems, actively managing heat, water, energy, and biodiversity while remaining deeply rooted in cultural contexts. This evolving role has enabled architecture to influence various scales, from intricate facade details to the resilience of entire urban environments.

Pioneering Approaches to Climate Adaptation in 2025

In 2025, the global architectural landscape is marked by a transformative shift towards climate adaptation, driven by the escalating urgency of environmental challenges. This year’s innovations showcase a profound commitment to resilience, ecological integration, and adaptability, moving beyond mere sustainability to actively reshaping our built environment. The architectural community has embraced its role as a critical mediator, developing solutions that span from localized material use to comprehensive urban regeneration, demonstrating a vibrant optimism in confronting the climate crisis.

One prominent category involves “Building With Regional Traditions,” exemplifying how climate resilience is interwoven with cultural heritage, local economies, and traditional construction methods. An outstanding example is the Factory Canteen Agrocel Dhordo in Dhordo, India, designed by Studio Dot. Located in the arid Rann of Kachchh, this canteen addresses extreme heat and aridity through indigenous materials and techniques. Its roof, crafted from upcycled timber from ship-breaking yards and insulated with mud rolls made from wool, jute, clay, and lime, offers exceptional thermal performance. This approach not only regulates internal temperatures passively but also supports local shepherds and artisans, integrating environmental performance with socio-economic benefits. The structure’s horizontal wooden “jaalis” (screens) further enhance natural ventilation and shade, creating a comfortable indoor environment without relying on mechanical systems.

Another significant trend is “Rewilding Dense Urban Cores,” which reimagines cities as thriving ecological systems rather than mere concrete jungles. The Oriente Green Campus in Lisbon, Portugal, a collaborative effort by LJ-Group Landscape Architecture, Saraiva + Associados, and Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), embodies this vision. Covering 3.7 hectares with over 19,000 m² of green spaces, this campus transforms rooftops, terraces, and patios into vibrant outdoor environments. It actively supports biodiversity, fosters social interaction, and implements sustainable living practices. The campus’s design weaves vegetation, water management, and circulation into a continuous ecological gradient, allowing natural ecosystems to flourish alongside academic, commercial, and civic activities. This project demonstrates how urban density can be recalibrated to sustain life at multiple scales, making cities more resilient and ecologically rich.

The concept of “The Value of Existing Sites” highlights adaptive reuse as a crucial climate strategy. OLA Palermo Mixed Use Project in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by ODA, is a prime example of transforming existing infrastructure into active civic destinations. This project converted a deteriorating parking structure into a public park and Class A office building, retaining 80% of the original structure. It significantly reduces construction waste and accelerates development while bridging two previously separated neighborhoods. OLA Palermo integrates cafs, restaurants, retail spaces, an open-air promenade, and offices, reintroducing public space and pedestrian continuity. This initiative underscores that existing urban structures hold immense environmental and social value, offering a sustainable alternative to new construction.

Under “Landscape Approaches,” large-scale urban regeneration projects are increasingly using landscape as the primary organizing system for managing environmental factors across entire districts. The Cloud 11 Creative Park in Bangkok, Thailand, by Snøhetta, exemplifies this by integrating sustainable, landscape-based solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of large-scale urban development. This 250,000-square-meter development uses iterative wind and solar engineering to respond to local climate conditions. Unlike Bangkok’s prevalent vertical towers, Cloud 11 emphasizes horizontality, blurring the lines between architecture and urbanism. An elevated courtyard provides passive shading and natural ventilation, acting as an “urban lung” that filters air, mitigates heat, and supports biodiversity through carefully curated planting strategies.

Finally, “Architecture That Breathes” redefines passive cooling as a central design principle. The Sagehaus Office Garden in Jakarta, Indonesia, by RAD+ar, is a “Dome for Wind” that channels and intensifies natural breezes. In Jakarta’s hot and humid climate, this design creates comfortable and safe social spaces through shaded, sheltered areas. By organizing the building as interconnected volumes, it ensures continuous air circulation, fostering interaction while maintaining comfort. The project integrates thermal mass, strategic faade articulation, and controlled openings to temper heat gain and support ventilation, demonstrating how passive systems can shape both atmosphere and environmental performance.

These projects collectively reflect a profound architectural shift towards integrated, performance-driven solutions that prioritize environmental health and community well-being.

The collective efforts in architecture showcased throughout 2025 offer a tangible and inspiring vision for tackling the climate crisis. These projects demonstrate that building optimism is not about naive hope, but a grounded belief in humanity's capacity to innovate and adapt. By embracing local traditions, rewilding urban spaces, repurposing existing structures, designing for passive climate control, and integrating renewable energy, architects are constructing a future that is not only sustainable but also more resilient and harmonious with our planet. This proactive stance, transforming constraints into opportunities, serves as a powerful reminder that integrated systems and intelligent design can pave the way for a more hopeful tomorrow.

FAAM Office's Residential NO. 18, located in Shiraz, Iran, exemplifies an innovative architectural philosophy rooted in the principle of 'Continuity.' This recently completed apartment complex, spanning 1200 square meters, seamlessly blends its external and internal spaces through a striking and consistent design element: the robust basalt stone wall. These thick, pure walls, arranged vertically, not only shape the building's facade but also extend into its interior, culminating in the roof garden and defining the project's entire silhouette.

Shiraz's Architectural Gem: Residential NO. 18 Redefines Urban Living with Basalt Stone

In the vibrant city of Shiraz, Iran, the architectural firm FAAM Office unveiled its latest masterpiece, Residential NO. 18, a striking apartment complex completed in 2023. At the heart of this 1200-square-meter development lies the guiding principle of "Continuity," a concept brought to life through the meticulous application of vertically arranged basalt stone walls. These imposing yet elegant walls form the very backbone of the project, establishing a visual and structural rhythm that flows from the grand entrance, through the intricate internal spaces, and upward to the serene roof garden, ultimately defining the building's distinctive skyline. Lead architects Shahram Farjadian and Sahand Mosallaei masterfully integrated these elemental stone structures, ensuring their precise alignment with the facade's various layers, the architectural blueprints, and the underlying structural framework. The result is a harmonious interplay of form and function, where each basalt stone ingot contributes to a cohesive and visually compelling narrative.

Residential NO. 18 stands as a testament to the power of thoughtful architectural design, where a single, recurring element can imbue an entire structure with profound character and a sense of seamless integration. This project not only provides modern living spaces but also contributes to the urban fabric of Shiraz with its bold and continuous aesthetic, offering a fresh perspective on contemporary apartment design.